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Grey literature

What is grey literature?

Grey literature refers to information produced outside traditional commercial publishing and distribution channels. It includes documents and information produced by not-for-profit organisations, governments and academic institutions.  

Examples of grey literature include: 

  • reports (e.g., technical reports, annual reports, research reports) 
  • theses and dissertations 
  • conference papers and proceedings 
  • government documents (e.g., policy papers, white papers, legislative documents) 
  • clinical trial data and health-related guidelines 
  • preprints

Why use grey literature?

Grey literature is usually published faster than information through commercial channels and can reach a wider audience because it's not behind a paywall. However, it can be harder for users to find compared to commercially published information. 

Grey literature is used to address specific research and practice-based inquiries. It can provide a more complete view of a topic through diverse perspectives from practitioners and non-academic specialists. 

Grey literature provides access to: 

  • localised information, raw datasets and statistics 
  • emerging research discoveries not yet published in traditional journals 
  • more current information compared to scholarly articles. 

Grey literature can also address publication bias. Traditional publishing favours research with positive results, such as a successful trial of a new therapy, excluding valuable insights from studies with negative or inconclusive outcomes.