Referencing for Education

Victorian Early Years Learning and Development Framework (VEYLDF) 

In-text citation 

The Victorian Early Years Learning and Development Framework (VEYLDF) emphasises the importance of supporting children’s and families’ transitions as they move across services throughout the early childhood period (Department of Education and Training [DET] & Victorian Curriculum Assessment Authority [VCAA], 2016). 

The VEYLDF provides a common language to describe young children’s learning, and common principles to guide practice (DET, & VCAA, 2016). 
 

Reference list 

Department of Education and Training, & Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority. (2016). Victorian early years learning and development framework: For all children from birth to eight years. State of Victoria. https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/childhood/providers/edcare/veyldframework.pdf 
 

Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF)

In-text citation

This framework, "support[s] early childhood providers, teachers and educators to extend and enrich children’s learning from birth to 5 years and through the transition to school" (Australian Government Department of Education [AGDE], 2022). 

Reference list

Australian Government Department of Education [AGDE] (2022). Belonging, being and becoming: The early years learning framework for Australia (V2.0). ACT: Australian Government Department of Education for the Ministerial Council. https://www.acecqa.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-01/EYLF-2022-V2.0.pdf

Literacy Teaching Toolkit 

In-text citation

The Literacy Teaching Toolkit provides practical advice and high impact teaching practices that improve outcomes in reading, writing, and speaking and listening. (Department of Education and Training [DET] 2019).

The Toolkit contains resources that can help build coherent literacy and/or numeracy improvement cultures in a range of different disciplines (DET, 2019). 
 

Reference list

Department of Education and Training. (2019). Literacy teaching toolkit. https://www.education.vic.gov.au/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/english/literacy/Pages/default.aspx

In-text citation

The Humanities framework of the Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority (n.d.) is one that allows students to examine the complex processes that have shaped the modern world. 

In History and Geography, students explore the processes that have shaped, and which continue to shape, different societies and cultures (VCAA, n.d.). 

Reference list

Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority. (n.d.). About the humanities. https://victoriancurriculum.vcaa.vic.edu.au/the-humanities/introduction/about-the-humanities 

In-text citation  

The Australian professional standards for teachers outline seven standards in the areas of professional knowledge, professional practice and professional engagement (Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership [AITSL], n.d.). 

The first standard, “Know students and how they learn”, focuses on physical, social, and intellectual development and characteristics of students (AITSL, n.d.). 

Reference list  

Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership. (n.d.). Australian professional standards for teachers. https://www.aitsl.edu.au/standards 

In-text citation  

The early years are critical for establishing self-esteem, resilience, healthy growth and capacity to learn (Australian Children’s Education and Care Quality Authority [ACECQA], n.d.).  

StartingBlocks is an initiative which provides parents with information about early childhood education and care to help them make the best choice for their child and family (ACECQA, n.d.). 

Reference list  

Australian Children’s Education and Care Quality Authority. (n.d.). What is the NQF? https://www.acecqa.gov.au/nqf/about. 

In-text citation

Be You is a national initiative that equips educators to support the mental health and wellbeing of children and young people from birth to 18 years, providing an end-to-end approach for early learning services, school age care services, primary schools, and secondary schools across Australia (Early Childhood Australia [ECA], 2022). 

Reference list

Early Childhood Australia. (2022). Be you early learning. https://www.earlychildhoodaustralia.org.au/our-work/beyou/#:~:text=You_Early_Learning-,What_is_Be_You%3F,and_secondary_schools_across_Australia 

In-text citation  

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children are twice as likely to be more developmentally vulnerable early in life than non-Indigenous children because of the continuing impact of colonization (Victorian Aboriginal Education Association [VAEA], 2020). 

Introductory protocols are important. Be prepared to spend time sharing personal background information about yourself and the purpose of your activity. Realise that relationships take time to develop (VAEA, 2020). 

Reference list  

Victorian Aboriginal Education Association. (2020). Aboriginal early childhood cultural protocols. https://www.vaeai.org.au/wp-content/uploads/delightful-downloads/2020/06/2020Cutural_Protocols_VAEAI-1.pdf 

In-text citation  

Defined as an ongoing and repeated behaviour that intentionally causes harm, the physical, psychological and social effects of bullying can last a lifetime (United Children’s Nations Fund [UNICEF], 2014).  

Reference list  

United Nations Children’s Fund. (2014, September). Hidden in plain sight: A statistical analysis of violence against children.  https://data.unicef.org/resources/hidden-in-plain-sight-a-statistical-analysis-of-violence-against-children/ 

In-text citation  

The NAPLAN has been found to have the potential to narrow the curriculum, thus restricting student learning, in several ways (Department of Education and Training [DET], 2019). 

Teachers can focus their lessons exclusively to those aspects of the curriculum that are being tested by NAPLAN, denying students access to the rich array of topics offered through other subjects (DET, 2019). 

Reference list

Department of Education and Training. (2017). NAPLAN review interim report https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/about/programs/NAPLANreviewinterimreport_nov2019.pdf 

In-text citation

According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW, 2022), child deaths have halved from 20 to 10 deaths per 100,000 children. 

A recently released report shows that most Australian children are healthy, safe and doing well, but there is scope for further gains in some areas (AIHW, 2022). 

Reference list

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2022). Australia’s children. https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/children-youth/australias-children/contents/executive-summary 

In-text citation

In the last 12 months, 42% of Australians aged 15-74 (7.8 million people) have participated in learning (Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS], 2021). 

Online learning is currently the most common way work-related training is delivered (ABS, 2021). 

Reference list

Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021). Work-related training and adult learning, Australia. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/education/work-related-training-and-adult-learning-australia/2020-21  

Format

Producer/Writer/Presenter/Speaker, Initials. [screen name]. (year, month day). Title [Video file]. URL

Always provide information about the person (producer) who has uploaded the video. Provide their real name and then the screen name/username in square brackets. If only the screen name is known, provide this without brackets.

You can also cite a person who appears in the video, even if they didn't produce the video.

To cite the words of individuals featured in a video, name or describe the individual(s) in your sentence in the text and then provide a parenthetical citation for the video.

See further details

In-text citation

Mike Christiansen, a 9th grade social studies teacher at Kent-Meridian High School in Kent, WA, uses YouTube in his classroom to transform it into a 21st century learning environment (Teachers, 2012).

Reference list

Teachers. (2012, September 13). 21st century classroom: YouTube @ Kent-Meridian High School. [YouTube]. 21st Century Classroom: YouTube @ Kent-Meridian High School

Format

Speaker/presenter. (Year, month). Title of video [Video]. TED Conferences. URL.

In-text citation

Robinson (2010) makes the case for a radical shift from standardised schools to personalized learning -- creating conditions where kids' natural talents can flourish.

A radical shift from standardised schools to personalised learning is advocated as a way of helping children to develop their natural talents (Robinson, 2010).

Reference list

Robinson, K. (2010, May). Bring on the learning revolution! [Video]. TED2010. https://www.ted.com/talks/sir_ken_robinson_bring_on_the_learning_revolution?language=en 

Format

Name of Company/Organization that Provided Content or Creator's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. if known. (Director). (Year video was created, Month Day if known). Title of video [Video]. Name of Streaming Service.

In-text citation

When an elementary school in the United States implemented a gender training course for its teachers, it resulted in a significant and positive impact on student wellbeing outcomes (Sturnik, 2016).

Reference list

Sturnik, J. (Director). (2016). Creating gender inclusive schools. [Video]. Kanopy.