The critical appraisal of information resources, such as studies, you have collected is a key step in assessing the quality of the evidence that makes up your review. The process assesses the quality, reliability and relevance of studies included in a review, ensuring that the evidence used in your review is robust and trustworthy.
The elements used in appraisal may differ across different areas of research. The criteria for appraisal will vary depending on the type of study or information resource being assessed. Empirical studies may be evaluated for methodological rigour and risk of bias. Other information resources, such as policy documents or conference papers, may require different appraisal approaches.
At least two reviewers should complete the appraisal process to minimise bias.
A range of appraisal tools exist to assess different types of evidence. The choice of tool and appraisal process should be explicitly documented in the review protocol to ensure transparency and reproducibility.
Common appraisal tools that provide structured frameworks for critical appraisal across various disciplines are:
For further information and instructions on the screening stage of a literature review please explore our Module 6: Screening, Synthesis and Dissemination.
If you are interesting in further information on this stage of a review, check out the following resources: